- Created by Werkstatt, last modified by Tobias Kaupat on Dec 16, 2024
The Lobaro LoRaWAN Modbus Gateway is a LoRaWAN Gateway with integrated LoRaWAN Network Server providing sensor data via Modbus.
Hardware Components
LoRaWAN Gateway | |
---|---|
IMST Version | RAK Version |
Currently not available
| New Version based on RAK Wireless
|
USB-Modbus Adapter |
---|
Software Components
- Chirpstack Network Server
- Semtech Packet Forwarder
- Chirpstack Gateway Bridge
- Chirpstack Network Server
- Chirpstack Application Server
- Postgres
- Redis
- Lobaro Modbus Server
Usually you will not need to change anything inside the Chirpstack Application Server. All devices are managed by the Lobaro Modbus Server.
Remote access
Per default the gateway obtains the IP address via DHCP. If configured with a fixed IP address, the gateway has a label with the configured IP address and subnet.
SSH Access
The gateway can be accessed via SSH on port 22. Default login credentials are:
- User: pi
- Password: lobarogw
- IP: DHCP with fallback to 192.168.0.1/24 (IMST) or 192.168.0.1/24 (RAK)
- On RAK with latest image also possible via WLAN AP:
- Default SSID "RAKMBG_XXYY" (XX and YY last bytes of WLAN adapter MAC) and password "lobarowireless", RAK IP 192.168.230.1
- On RAK with latest image also possible via WLAN AP:
Management UI
- IMST version: http://192.168.100.26:8081/
- RAK version:
- User & Password: Same as Chirpstack
Chirpstack
- http://192.168.0.1:8080/ or IP from DHCP
- User: admin
- Password: lobarogw
SD Card write protection
Write protection on the SD card was removed in current firmware releases
To change any filed on the SD Card (including all config files) you need to execute the script:
~/enableWriteAccess.sh
To disable write access, restart the gateway or execute:
~/disableWriteAccess.sh
Lobaro Modbus Server
The Lobaro Modbus Server (lobaro-modbus-server
) is responsible for fetching data from the local LoRaWAN Network Server and provides received data via modbus.
vim
can be used to edit files.
To use WinSCP with the user "pi" the files need write access:
sudo chmod o+wr /etc/lobaro-modbus-server/lobaro-modbus-server.yml
Open or change configuration of the Lobaro Modbus Server:
sudo vim /etc/lobaro-modbus-server/lobaro-modbus-server.yml
After editing the configuration lobaro-modbus-server
must be restarted:
sudo systemctl restart lobaro-modbus-server
Check the status with
sudo systemctl status lobaro-modbus-server
Check the logs with
sudo journalctl --no-pager -e -u lobaro-modbus-server
Weitere Services
There are other services running to operate the gateway.
- lobaro-modbus-server
- redis-server
- postgresql / postgresql@9.6-main.service
- mosquitto
- IoTSemtech
- chirpstack-gateway-bridge
- chirpstack-network-server
- chirpstack-application-server
Useful commands:
# Status: sudo systemctl status <service-name> # Start / Stop / Restart sudo systemctl start <service-name> sudo systemctl stop <service-name> sudo systemctl restart <service-name> # Logs sudo journalctl --no-pager -e -u <service-name>
Debugging
Beside checking the logs, you can also analyze the files in the dataDir
(see config).
There are two files that help writing the config and checking the results.
device-data.json
- contains raw json received from Chirpstack. Can be used to verifymapping[].register.value
configuration.register-map.json
- contains all register values provided via modbus. All values are formatted asint
.
Example device-data.json
:
{ "0000000000000000-1": { "adr": true, "applicationID": "1", "applicationName": "default", "data": "AAMEAOQN1g==", "devEUI": "0000000000000000", "deviceName": "0000000000000000", "fCnt": 1, "fPort": 1, "object": { "temp": 22.8, "vBat": 3.542, "version": "v0.3.4" }, "rxInfo": [ { "gatewayID": "0000000000000000", "loRaSNR": 8.8, "location": { "altitude": 0, "latitude": 0, "longitude": 0 }, "name": "default", "rssi": -36, "uplinkID": "ce2e086a-d747-4813-9428-b7a4a45abcc8" } ], "txInfo": { "dr": 0, "frequency": 868300000 } } }
Example register-map.json
:
{ "Register": { "100": { "Val": 0, "Type": 1, "UpdatedAt": "2020-02-07T13:44:03.39750918Z" } } }
Configuration file
Register Types
For mapping.[device].register.type
the following types are valid:
"type" Parameter | Register Count |
---|---|
int16 | 1 |
uint16 | 1 |
uint32 | 2 |
int32 | 2 |
float32 | 2 |
downlink | 1 |
# The application stores persistent data at this path dataDir: /mnt/ssd/var/data/lobaro-modbus-server/ # Chipstack configuration. Required to manage configured LoRaWAN devices. chirpstack: server: http://localhost:8080 broker: localhost appId: 1 username: admin password: admin # Modbus configuration. # <v1.2.0: Serial mode is fixed at: 8 Data bits, Even Parity, 1 Stop bit (8E1) modbus: baud: 19200 dataBits: 8 # since v1.2.0 parity: "even" # no, even (default), odd - since v1.2.0 stopBits: 1 # 1 (default), 1.5, 2 - since v1.2.0 slaveId: 1 port: /dev/ttyUSB0 # Mapping from LoRaWAN Sensors to Modbus Registers mapping: # LoRaWAN Sensor parameters - devEUI: 0000000000000000 appKey: 00000000000000000000000000000000 # Chirpstack Device Profile to use. Includes the Payload Parser. devProfile: lobaro-environment devName: "name of device in chirpstack" # Register mapping for this device # One device can fill any number of registers. # The server will check for overlapping definitions on start. register: # Modbus Address (do NOT prefix with 0, else it's octal) - addr: 1 # The value to be mapped. # Usually the value is taken from the Chirpstack Parser result JSON # and can be selected via JSON Path as handled by https://github.com/tidwall/gjson # There are some special values: # @age - age of last update in minutes (for any register of this device) # @now - Current time as Unix Timestamp value: "@age" # age of last update in minutes (for any register of this device) # Data type of the value. Default byte order is LittleEndian # Supported types are: int16, uint16 (more will come in future versions) type: int16 # The value is only for messages on the specified port, 0 for "every". Default: 0 port: 0 # The register value is multiplied with the given factor, 0 is irgnored. Default: 1 factor: 1 - addr: 2 port: 1 # status packet value: "object.vBat" type: int16 factor: 1000 - addr: 3 port: 2 value: "object.temperature" type: int16 factor: 10 - addr: 4 port: 2 value: "object.humidity" type: int16 factor: 10 - addr: 5 port: 2 value: "object.pressure" type: int16 factor: 10 - addr: 6 port: 2 value: "rxInfo.0.rssi" type: int16 - addr: 7 port: 2 value: "txInfo.dr" type: int16 - addr: 8 port: 128 value: "0x0102" # value to be sent as downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string type: downlink # A second device as example - devEUI: 0000000000000000 appKey: 00000000000000000000000000000000 devProfile: lobaro-one-wire register: - addr: 100 value: "@age" # age of last update in minutes (for any register of this device) type: int16 - addr: 101 port: 1 # status packet value: "object.vBat" type: int16 factor: 1000 - addr: 102 port: 2 value: "object.sensors.0.temp" type: int16 factor: 10 - addr: 103 port: 2 value: "rxInfo.0.rssi" type: int16 - addr: 104 port: 2 value: "txInfo.dr" type: int16 - addr: 105 port: 128 value: "dGVzdF9kb3dubGluaw==" # value to be sent as downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string type: downlink - addr: 106 type: downlink-var len: 5 # 107-111
Send Fixed Downlinks
Send a predefined downlink packet to a configures port to a LoRaWAN device with a single write to a modbus register.
mapping: register: - addr: 8 port: 128 value: "0x0102" # value to be sent as downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string type: downlink
Set the register to type "downlink" to allow sending the "value" via LoRaWAN to the deivce.
With the example above:
- Write any value to modbus register with address 8
- A downlink "0x0102" will be queued on port 128
- The register will keep the written value in case of success. In case of error the value will be 0.
Send Variable Downlinks
Send variable downlinks to a variable ports. Payload must be written to a set of defined modbus registers per LoRaWAN Device.
First, specify a new register under the device of your choice with type downlink-var
. Then, set the following options for it:
Len
: How many modbus registers (following this register) should be assigned as storage for the variable downlink.Confirm
: Whether to ask the device for acknowledgement of reception of the sent downlink (false
ortrue
)
mapping: register: - addr: 123 type: downlink-var len: 7 # storing in registers 124-130 confirm: true
The resulting structure at the configured address addr will be:
Downlink Trigger | Downlink data | ... | Downlink data |
---|---|---|---|
addr | addr+1 | ... | addr+len |
After (re-)starting the modbus server to apply the new config:
- Write your desired downlink (bytes) to the downlink data registers, starting at addr+1.
- You can only write 2 * len bytes at maximum! Extra bytes will be discarded.
- Optional: Write 0x0000 to the downlink trigger register at addr to clear the register (no downlink will be queued!)
- Write <port><length> to the downlink trigger register at addr, using 1 byte each for the designated FPort and downlink length in bytes.
- Example: Send downlink to port 128 (0x80), 10 (0x0A) bytes long: Write value 0x
800A
to register addr.
- Example: Send downlink to port 128 (0x80), 10 (0x0A) bytes long: Write value 0x
To check if the downlink was successful, read the trigger register and check its value:
- Register value = <port><length>: The downlink was successfully queued.
- Register value = 0: The downlink couldn't be queued for your device. Check the server log for more details.
Chirpstack
The gateway uses a local Chirpstack server. Access management interface on https://<gw-ip>:8080
.
Documentation can be found on Chripstack.io.
For each type of device the lobaro-modbus-server
needs to reference a Device Profile. See: Chirpstack Device Profile Management. The Device Profile of each LoRaWAN device must be referenced by its name or UUID in the lobaro-modbus-server.yml
config file.
Gateway administration
When ever any file on the SD-Card need to change make sure to execute
~/enableWriteAccess.sh
Change password
Login via SSH (see: Remote access)
passwd
Change IP address
IMST
sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces
pi@LoRaGateway:~ $ cat /etc/network/interfaces # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8) # Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd # For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf' # Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d: source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d auto lo iface lo inet loopback # DHCP (Default, comment line to disable DHCP) iface eth0 inet manual # Fixed IP (Uncomment to enable or use /etc/dhcpcd.conf) #auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet static # address 10.0.0.42/24 # gateway 10.0.0.1
RAK
sudo vim /etc/dhcpcd.conf
Edit last lines to:
# RAK_eth0_IP profile static_eth0 static ip_address=192.168.0.1/24 static routers=192.168.0.1 interface eth0 fallback static_eth0
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