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The Lobaro LoRaWAN Modbus Gateway is a LoRaWAN Gateway with integrated LoRaWAN Network Server providing sensor data via Modbus.

Hardware Components

LoRaWAN Gateway
IMST VersionRAK Version

Currently not available

  • LoRaWAN
  • Connectivity: LAN
  • Order number: 8000101
  • Type: LOB-GW-MODBUS-LW-IMST

New Version based on RAK Wireless

  • LoRaWAN
  • Connectivity: LTE / LAN / WLAN
  • Order number: 8000202
  • Type: LOB-GW-MODBUS-LW-RAK


USB-Modbus Adapter


Software Components

  • Chirpstack Network Server
    • Semtech Packet Forwarder
    • Chirpstack Gateway Bridge
    • Chirpstack Network Server
    • Chirpstack Application Server
    • Postgres
    • Redis
  • Lobaro Modbus Server

Usually you will not need to change anything inside the Chirpstack Application Server. All devices are managed by the Lobaro Modbus Server.

Remote access

Per default the gateway obtains the IP address via DHCP. If configured with a fixed IP address, the gateway has a label with the configured IP address and subnet.

SSH Access

The gateway can be accessed via SSH on port 22. Default login credentials are:

  • User: pi
  • Password: lobarogw
  • IP: DHCP with fallback to 192.168.0.1/24 (IMST) or 192.168.0.1/24 (RAK)
    • On RAK with latest image also possible via WLAN AP:
      • Default SSID "RAKMBG_XXYY" (XX and YY last bytes of WLAN adapter MAC) and password "lobarowireless", RAK IP 192.168.230.1

Management UI

Chirpstack


SD Card write protection

Note

Write protection on the SD card was removed in current firmware releases

To change any filed on the SD Card (including all config files) you need to execute the script:

No Format
~/enableWriteAccess.sh

To disable write access, restart the gateway or execute:

No Format
~/disableWriteAccess.sh


Lobaro Modbus Server

The Lobaro Modbus Server (lobaro-modbus-server) is responsible for fetching data from the local LoRaWAN Network Server and provides received data via modbus.

Info

vim can be used to edit files.


To use WinSCP with the user "pi" the files need write access:

Code Block
sudo chmod o+wr /etc/lobaro-modbus-server/lobaro-modbus-server.yml


Open or change configuration of the Lobaro Modbus Server:

No Format
sudo vim /etc/lobaro-modbus-server/lobaro-modbus-server.yml

After editing the configuration lobaro-modbus-server must be restarted:

No Format
sudo systemctl restart lobaro-modbus-server

Check the status with

No Format
sudo systemctl status lobaro-modbus-server

Check the logs with

No Format
sudo journalctl --no-pager -e -u lobaro-modbus-server

Debugging

Beside checking the logs, you can also analyze the files in the dataDir (see config).

There are two files that help writing the config and checking the results.

  • device-data.json - contains raw json received from Chirpstack. Can be used to verify mapping[].register.value configuration.
  • register-map.json - contains all register values provided via modbus. All values are formatted as int.

Example device-data.json:

Code Block
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{
  "0000000000000000-1": {
    "adr": true,
    "applicationID": "1",
    "applicationName": "default",
    "data": "AAMEAOQN1g==",
    "devEUI": "0000000000000000",
    "deviceName": "0000000000000000",
    "fCnt": 1,
    "fPort": 1,
    "object": {
      "temp": 22.8,
      "vBat": 3.542,
      "version": "v0.3.4"
    },
    "rxInfo": [
      {
        "gatewayID": "0000000000000000",
        "loRaSNR": 8.8,
        "location": {
          "altitude": 0,
          "latitude": 0,
          "longitude": 0
        },
        "name": "default",
        "rssi": -36,
        "uplinkID": "ce2e086a-d747-4813-9428-b7a4a45abcc8"
      }
    ],
    "txInfo": {
      "dr": 0,
      "frequency": 868300000
    }
  }
}

Example register-map.json:

Code Block
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themeConfluence
linenumberstrue
{
  "Register": {
    "100": {
      "Val": 0,
      "Type": 1,
      "UpdatedAt": "2020-02-07T13:44:03.39750918Z"
    }
  }
}

Configuration file

Register Types

For mapping.[device].register.type the following types are valid:

"type" ParameterRegister Countint161uint161uint322int322float322downlink1

Weitere Services

There are other services running to operate the gateway.

  • lobaro-modbus-server
  • redis-server
  • postgresql / postgresql@9.6-main.service
  • mosquitto
  • IoTSemtech
  • chirpstack-gateway-bridge
  • chirpstack-network-server
  • chirpstack-application-server


Useful commands:

Code Block
# Status:
sudo systemctl status <service-name>
# Start / Stop / Restart
sudo systemctl start <service-name>
sudo systemctl stop <service-name>
sudo systemctl restart <service-name>
# Logs
sudo journalctl --no-pager -e -u <service-name>


Debugging

Beside checking the logs, you can also analyze the files in the dataDir (see config).

There are two files that help writing the config and checking the results.

  • device-data.json - contains raw json received from Chirpstack. Can be used to verify mapping[].register.value configuration.
  • register-map.json - contains all register values provided via modbus. All values are formatted as int.

Example device-data.json:

Code Block
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{
  "0000000000000000-1": {
    "adr": true,
    "applicationID": "1",
    "applicationName": "default",
    "data": "AAMEAOQN1g==",
    "devEUI": "0000000000000000",
    "deviceName": "0000000000000000",
    "fCnt": 1,
    "fPort": 1,
    "object": {
      "temp": 22.8,
      "vBat": 3.542,
      "version": "v0.3.4"
    },
    "rxInfo": [
      {
        "gatewayID": "0000000000000000",
        "loRaSNR": 8.8,
        "location": {
          "altitude": 0,
          "latitude": 0,
          "longitude": 0
        },
        "name": "default",
        "rssi": -36,
        "uplinkID": "ce2e086a-d747-4813-9428-b7a4a45abcc8"
      }
    ],
    "txInfo": {
      "dr": 0,
      "frequency": 868300000
    }
  }
}

Example register-map.json:

Code Block
languagejs
themeConfluence
linenumberstrue
{
  "Register": {
    "100": {
      "Val": 0,
      "Type": 1,
      "UpdatedAt": "2020-02-07T13:44:03.39750918Z"
    }
  }
}

Configuration file

Register Types

For mapping.[device].register.type the following types are valid:

"type" ParameterRegister Count
int161
uint161
uint322
int322
float322
downlink1


Code Block
languageyml
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titleExample Configuration
linenumberstrue
# The application stores persistent data at this path
dataDir: /mnt/ssd/var/data/lobaro-modbus-server/

# Chipstack configuration. Required to manage configured LoRaWAN devices.
chirpstack:
  server: http://localhost:8080
  broker: localhost
  appId: 1
  username: admin
  password: admin

# Modbus configuration. 
# <v1.2.0: Serial mode is fixed at: 8 Data bits, Even Parity, 1 Stop bit (8E1)
modbus:
  baud: 19200
  dataBits: 8 # since v1.2.0
  parity: "even" # no, even (default), odd - since v1.2.0
  stopBits: 1 # 1 (default), 1.5, 2 - since v1.2.0
  slaveId: 1
  port: /dev/ttyUSB0

# Mapping from LoRaWAN Sensors to Modbus Registers
mapping:
  # LoRaWAN Sensor parameters
  - devEUI: 0000000000000000
    appKey: 00000000000000000000000000000000
    # Chirpstack Device Profile to use. Includes the Payload Parser.
    devProfile: lobaro-environment
    devName: "name of device in chirpstack"
    # Register mapping for this device
    # One device can fill any number of registers.
    # The server will check for overlapping definitions on start.
    register:
        # Modbus Address (do NOT prefix with 0, else it's octal)
      - addr: 1
        # The value to be mapped.
        # Usually the value is taken from the Chirpstack Parser result JSON
        # and can be selected via JSON Path as handled by https://github.com/tidwall/gjson
        # There are some special values:
        # @age - age of last update in minutes (for any register of this device)
        # @now - Current time as Unix Timestamp
        value: "@age" # age of last update in minutes (for any register of this device)
        # Data type of the value. Default byte order is LittleEndian
        # Supported types are: int16, uint16 (more will come in future versions)
        type: int16
        # The value is only for messages on the specified port, 0 for "every". Default: 0
        port: 0
Code Block
languagejs
themeConfluence
titleExample Configuration
linenumberstrue
# The application stores persistent data at this path
dataDir: /mnt/ssd/var/data/lobaro-modbus-server/

# Chipstack configuration. Required to manage configured LoRaWAN devices.
chirpstack:
  server: http://localhost:8080
  broker: localhost
  appId: 1
  username: admin
  password: admin

# Modbus configuration. 
# <v1.2.0: Serial mode is fixed at: 8 Data bits, Even Parity, 1 Stop bit (8E1)
modbus:
  baud: 19200
  dataBits: 8 # since v1.2.0
  parity: "even" # no, even (default), odd - since v1.2.0
  stopBits: 1 # 1 (default), 1.5, 2 - since v1.2.0
  slaveId: 1
  port: /dev/ttyUSB0

# Mapping from LoRaWAN Sensors to Modbus Registers
mapping:
  # LoRaWAN Sensor parameters
  - devEUI: 0000000000000000
    appKey: 00000000000000000000000000000000
    # Chirpstack Device Profile to use. Includes the Payload Parser.
    devProfile: lobaro-environment
    devName: "name of device in chirpstack"
    # Register mapping for this device
    # One device can fill any number of registers.
    # The server will check for overlapping definitions on start.
    register:
        # ModbusThe Addressregister (dovalue NOTis prefixmultiplied with the given factor, 0, is else it's octal)
irgnored. Default: 1
       - addrfactor: 1

      - addr: 2
    # The value to be mapped.
   port: 1 # status packet
     # Usually the value is taken from the Chirpstack Parser result JSON
  : "object.vBat"
        type: int16
      # and canfactor: be1000
 selected via JSON Path as handled- by https://github.com/tidwall/gjson
addr: 3
        port: #2
 There are some special values:
   value: "object.temperature"
    # @age - age oftype: lastint16
 update in minutes (for any register of thisfactor: device)10
      - addr: 4
  # @now - Current time as Unixport: Timestamp2
        value: "@age" # age of last update in minutes (for any register of this device) "object.humidity"
        type: int16
        #factor: Data10
 type of the value. Default byte- order is LittleEndianaddr: 5
        #port: Supported2
 types are: int16, uint16 (more will come in future versions)value: "object.pressure"
        type: int16
        # The value is only for messages on the specified port, 0 for "every". Default: 0factor: 10
      - addr: 6
        port: 2
        portvalue: "rxInfo.0.rssi"
        type: int16
   # The register value- isaddr: multiplied7
 with the given factor, 0 is irgnored. Defaultport: 12
        factorvalue: 1

"txInfo.dr"
        type: int16
	  - addr: 28
		port: 128
		value: "0x0102" # value to be sent port:as 1 # status packet
        value: "object.vBat"
        type: int16
        factor: 1000
      - addr: 3downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string
		type: downlink

  # A second device as example
  - devEUI: 0000000000000000
    appKey: 00000000000000000000000000000000
    devProfile: lobaro-one-wire
    register:
      -  portaddr: 2100
        value: "object.temperature@age"
 # age of last update in minutes  type: int16(for any register of this device)
        factortype: 10int16
      - addr: 4101
        port: 2 1 # status packet
        value: "object.humidityvBat"
        type: int16
        factor: 101000
      - addr: 5102
        port: 2
        value: "object.sensors.0.pressuretemp"
        type: int16
        factor: 10
      - addr: 6103
        port: 2
        value: "rxInfo.0.rssi"
        type: int16
      - addr: 7104
        port: 2
        value: "txInfo.dr"
        type: int16
	      - addr: 8105
		port: 128
		value: "0x0102dGVzdF9kb3dubGluaw==" # value to be sent as downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string
		type: downlink

  # A second device as example
  - devEUI: 0000000000000000
    appKey: 00000000000000000000000000000000
    devProfile: lobaro-one-wire
    register:
      ) or base64 string
		type: downlink
	  - addr: 100106
        value: "@age" # age of last update in minutes (for any register of this device)type: downlink-var
        len: 5 # 107-111

Send a predefined downlink packet to a configures port to a LoRaWAN device with a single write to a modbus register.

Code Block
languageyml
titleConfiguration
mapping:
        type: int16register:
      - addr: 1018
        port: 1 # status packet128
        value: "object.vBat0x0102"
        type: int16
        factor: 1000
      - addr: 102
# value to be sent as downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string
           port: 2
        value: "object.sensors.0.temp"
        type: int16
        factor: 10
      - addr: 103
        port: 2
        value: "rxInfo.0.rssi"
        type: int16
    type: downlink

Set the register to type "downlink" to allow sending the "value" via LoRaWAN to the deivce.

With the example above:

  • Write any value to modbus register with address 8
  • A downlink "0x0102" will be queued on port 128
  • The register will keep the written value in case of success. In case of error the value will be 0.

Send variable downlinks to a variable ports. Payload must be written to a set of defined modbus registers per LoRaWAN Device.

First, specify a new register under the device of your choice with type downlink-var. Then, set the following options for it:

  • Len: How many modbus registers (following this register) should be assigned as storage for the variable downlink.
  • Confirm: Whether to ask the device for acknowledgement of reception of the sent downlink (false or true)


Code Block
languageyml
titleConfiguration
mapping:
	register:
	  - addr: 104123
        porttype: 2downlink-var
        value: "txInfo.dr"len: 7 # storing in registers 124-130
        typeconfirm: int16
      - addr: 105
		port: 128
		value: "dGVzdF9kb3dubGluaw==" # value to be sent as downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string
		type: downlink
Code Block
titleConfiguration
mapping:
    register:
      - addr: 8
        port: 128
        value: "0x0102" # value to be sent as downlink, either as hex (prefixed with "0x") or base64 string
        type: downlink

Set the register to type "downlink" to allow sending the "value" via LoRaWAN to the deivce.

With the example above:

true


The resulting structure at the configured address addr will be:

Downlink TriggerDownlink data...Downlink data
addraddr+1...addr+len

After (re-)starting the modbus server to apply the new config:

  1. Write your desired downlink (bytes) to the downlink data registers, starting at addr+1.
    1. You can only write 2 * len bytes at maximum! Extra bytes will be discarded.
  2. Optional: Write 0x0000 to the downlink trigger register at addr to clear the register (no downlink will be queued!)
  3. Write <port><length> to the downlink trigger register at addr, using 1 byte each for the designated FPort and downlink length in bytes.
    1. Example: Send downlink to port 128 (0x80), 10 (0x0A) bytes long: Write value 0x800A to register addr.


To check if the downlink was successful, read the trigger register and check its value:

  • Register value = <port><length>: The downlink was successfully queued. 
  • Register value = 0: The downlink couldn't be queued for your device. Check the server log for more details
  • Write any value to modbus register with address 8
  • A downlink "0x0102" will be queued on port 128
  • The register will keep the written value in case of success. In case of error the value will be 0.


Chirpstack

The gateway uses a local Chirpstack server. Access management interface on https://<gw-ip>:8080.

Documentation can be found on Chripstack.io.

For each type of device the lobaro-modbus-server needs to reference a Device Profile. See: Chirpstack Device Profile Management. The Device Profile of each LoRaWAN device must be referenced by its name or UUID in the lobaro-modbus-server.yml config file.

Gateway administration

When ever any file on the SD-Card need to change make sure to execute 

No Format
~/enableWriteAccess.sh

Change password

Login via SSH (see: Remote access)

No Format
passwd

Change IP address

IMST

No Format
sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

No Format
pi@LoRaGateway:~ $ cat /etc/network/interfaces
# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)

# Please note that this file is written to be used with dhcpcd
# For static IP, consult /etc/dhcpcd.conf and 'man dhcpcd.conf'

# Include files from /etc/network/interfaces.d:
source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# DHCP (Default, comment line to disable DHCP)
iface eth0 inet manual

# Fixed IP (Uncomment to enable or use /etc/dhcpcd.conf)
#auto eth0
#iface eth0 inet static
#    address 10.0.0.42/24
#    gateway 10.0.0.1


RAK

Code Block
sudo vim /etc/dhcpcd.conf


Edit last lines to:

Code Block
# RAK_eth0_IP
profile static_eth0
static ip_address=192.168.0.1/24
static routers=192.168.0.1

interface eth0
fallback static_eth0



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